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1 גמר II
גָּמַרII (b. h.; cmp. v. גמם) 1) to polish, touch up, finish. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a bot. ג׳ מלאכתו when he gives to his work the finishing touch; a. fr. 2) (in gen.) to complete, end. Pes.X, 7 גּוֹמֵר עליו את ההלל he reads over it (the fourth cup) the Hallel to the end, v. הַלֵּל.Tosef.Succ.III, 2 גּוֹמְרִין בהןוכ׳ on those occasions the entire Hallel is read; Ber.14a; Arakh.10a; Taan.28b. Ber.13b חוזר וגוֹמְרָהּ (after the disciples left) did he take it up again and read the whole of the Shma?Y.Yeb.II, beg.3c הביאה גוֹמֶרֶת בה coition consummates the levirs marriage (Bab. ib. 18a קונה קניין גמור), v. מַאֲמַר.Y.Ber.VI, 10d top ג׳ מלאכול after he has finished eating; a. fr.Euphem. to gratify the sexual appetite. Kerith. II, 4. Pes.87a (play on Gomer, Hos. 1:3) שהכל גּוֹמְרִים בה all people could gratify their lust on her.וְגוֹמֵר (abbr. וגו׳, וג׳) and one finishes (the sentence quoted) = and so forth,, a clerical term used in Bible citations to save the writing out of the entire quotation. Ḥull.98a. Gen. R. s. 51, beg.; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּמוּר, f. גְּמוּרָה finished, complete, real, valid. Kidd.40b, a. fr. צדיק ג׳ a perfectly righteous man (without faults); רשע ג׳ a wicked man throughout (without any good quality). Yeb.18b, a. fr. קניין ג׳ real (legal) possession.Pl. גְּמוּרִים, גְּמוּרוֹת. Ḥull.89a; a. fr.Bets.2b, a. e. בצים ג׳ perfectly developed eggs (with shells), v. infra. 3) to destroy. Pes.87b (play on Gomer, v. supra) בזזו וגָמְרוּ (Ms. M. גמרו וגמרו) they plundered and destroyed (they destroyed thoroughly). 4) to conclude, determine, decide. Kel. XVI, 1. Ber.17a גְּמוֹר בכל לבבךוכ׳ be determined with all thy heart Shebu.26b ג׳ בלבו he resolved (vowed) in his heart, opp. הוציא בשפתיו; Ḥag.10a.Erub.13b, a. fr. נמנו וגמרו they were counted (their votes were taken) and they decided.Snh.III, 7 (42a) גמרו את הדבר when they had closed the case (being ready for publishing the sentence); a. fr. 5) to draw a conclusion by analogy. Sabb.96b ג׳ העברה העברה מיוה״כ one forms an analogy between the expressions heĕbir ; a. fr. 6) to be fully developed. Tosef.Par.XI, 7, v. גָּמַל. בצים גמורות, v. supra. Pi. גִּמֵּר 1) to destroy. Pes.87b בקשו לגַמֵּרוכ׳ they intented to destroy the possessions of Israel in her (Gomers) days, v. supra. 2) to develop, mature, ripen. Y.Shebi.V, beg.35d אין פירותיה׳ מְגַמְּרִיןוכ׳ their fruits ripen only every three years. Nif. נִגְמַר to be finished, completed. Snh.VI, 1 נ׳ הדין when proceedings are finished (sentence pronounced). Gen. R. s. 12 נִגְמְרָה מלאכתן they were finished; a. fr. -
2 גָּמַר
גָּמַרII (b. h.; cmp. v. גמם) 1) to polish, touch up, finish. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a bot. ג׳ מלאכתו when he gives to his work the finishing touch; a. fr. 2) (in gen.) to complete, end. Pes.X, 7 גּוֹמֵר עליו את ההלל he reads over it (the fourth cup) the Hallel to the end, v. הַלֵּל.Tosef.Succ.III, 2 גּוֹמְרִין בהןוכ׳ on those occasions the entire Hallel is read; Ber.14a; Arakh.10a; Taan.28b. Ber.13b חוזר וגוֹמְרָהּ (after the disciples left) did he take it up again and read the whole of the Shma?Y.Yeb.II, beg.3c הביאה גוֹמֶרֶת בה coition consummates the levirs marriage (Bab. ib. 18a קונה קניין גמור), v. מַאֲמַר.Y.Ber.VI, 10d top ג׳ מלאכול after he has finished eating; a. fr.Euphem. to gratify the sexual appetite. Kerith. II, 4. Pes.87a (play on Gomer, Hos. 1:3) שהכל גּוֹמְרִים בה all people could gratify their lust on her.וְגוֹמֵר (abbr. וגו׳, וג׳) and one finishes (the sentence quoted) = and so forth,, a clerical term used in Bible citations to save the writing out of the entire quotation. Ḥull.98a. Gen. R. s. 51, beg.; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּמוּר, f. גְּמוּרָה finished, complete, real, valid. Kidd.40b, a. fr. צדיק ג׳ a perfectly righteous man (without faults); רשע ג׳ a wicked man throughout (without any good quality). Yeb.18b, a. fr. קניין ג׳ real (legal) possession.Pl. גְּמוּרִים, גְּמוּרוֹת. Ḥull.89a; a. fr.Bets.2b, a. e. בצים ג׳ perfectly developed eggs (with shells), v. infra. 3) to destroy. Pes.87b (play on Gomer, v. supra) בזזו וגָמְרוּ (Ms. M. גמרו וגמרו) they plundered and destroyed (they destroyed thoroughly). 4) to conclude, determine, decide. Kel. XVI, 1. Ber.17a גְּמוֹר בכל לבבךוכ׳ be determined with all thy heart Shebu.26b ג׳ בלבו he resolved (vowed) in his heart, opp. הוציא בשפתיו; Ḥag.10a.Erub.13b, a. fr. נמנו וגמרו they were counted (their votes were taken) and they decided.Snh.III, 7 (42a) גמרו את הדבר when they had closed the case (being ready for publishing the sentence); a. fr. 5) to draw a conclusion by analogy. Sabb.96b ג׳ העברה העברה מיוה״כ one forms an analogy between the expressions heĕbir ; a. fr. 6) to be fully developed. Tosef.Par.XI, 7, v. גָּמַל. בצים גמורות, v. supra. Pi. גִּמֵּר 1) to destroy. Pes.87b בקשו לגַמֵּרוכ׳ they intented to destroy the possessions of Israel in her (Gomers) days, v. supra. 2) to develop, mature, ripen. Y.Shebi.V, beg.35d אין פירותיה׳ מְגַמְּרִיןוכ׳ their fruits ripen only every three years. Nif. נִגְמַר to be finished, completed. Snh.VI, 1 נ׳ הדין when proceedings are finished (sentence pronounced). Gen. R. s. 12 נִגְמְרָה מלאכתן they were finished; a. fr. -
3 חידוש
חִידּוּש, חִדּ׳,m. (חָדַש) 1) renovation, the first stage of the crescent moon. Y.Ber.IX, 13d הרואה … בחִידּוּשָׁהּ he who sees the moon in her first stage. Y.Shek.I, 46a bot. שמרהו שיבוא בחִידּוּשוֹ observe it that it (the maturing of the crops) should coincide with the first part of the month of Nisan. R. Hash. 25a אין חִדּוּשָׁהּ של לבנהוכ׳ (Ms. M. חָדְשָׁהּ, v. חֹדֶש) the renovation of the moon takes no less than twenty nine days and a half 2) restoration. Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. ח׳ ביתוכ׳ the restoration of thy sanctuary. 3) novel interpretation, novel idea, additional legislation (novellae). Ḥag.3a א״א לבה״מ בלא ח׳ it is impossible for a college session to pass without a novel remark. Ib. מה ח׳ היהוכ׳ what was the news in college to-day?Cant. R. to IV, 16 ובואי דבר של ח׳ ‘and come (ib.) intimates a novel rule (adding thanks-offerings); Y.Meg.I, 72c top, a. e.Lev. R. s. 13, v. חָדָש; a. fr. 4) strange law, exception, unique law (which allows of no conclusion by analogy), anomaly. Snh.27a עד זומם ח׳ הואוכ׳ the law concerning the punishment of false witnesses is an anomaly, (for why must we trust the one set more than the other?) אין … חִידּוּשוֹ ואילך therefore you cannot go beyond what it says distinctly, i. e. previous evidences of refuted witnesses cannot be assailed. Pes.44b מבשר וחלב … דח׳ הוא you can draw no analogy from the law concerning the mixture of flesh and milk, for it is an anomaly; ומאי חידושו and wherein is it an anomaly? Y.Ter.VII, beg.44c לחִידּוּשוֹ יצא the law (Deut. 22:13 sq.) is specified for its anomalous nature; a. fr. -
4 חד׳
חִידּוּש, חִדּ׳,m. (חָדַש) 1) renovation, the first stage of the crescent moon. Y.Ber.IX, 13d הרואה … בחִידּוּשָׁהּ he who sees the moon in her first stage. Y.Shek.I, 46a bot. שמרהו שיבוא בחִידּוּשוֹ observe it that it (the maturing of the crops) should coincide with the first part of the month of Nisan. R. Hash. 25a אין חִדּוּשָׁהּ של לבנהוכ׳ (Ms. M. חָדְשָׁהּ, v. חֹדֶש) the renovation of the moon takes no less than twenty nine days and a half 2) restoration. Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. ח׳ ביתוכ׳ the restoration of thy sanctuary. 3) novel interpretation, novel idea, additional legislation (novellae). Ḥag.3a א״א לבה״מ בלא ח׳ it is impossible for a college session to pass without a novel remark. Ib. מה ח׳ היהוכ׳ what was the news in college to-day?Cant. R. to IV, 16 ובואי דבר של ח׳ ‘and come (ib.) intimates a novel rule (adding thanks-offerings); Y.Meg.I, 72c top, a. e.Lev. R. s. 13, v. חָדָש; a. fr. 4) strange law, exception, unique law (which allows of no conclusion by analogy), anomaly. Snh.27a עד זומם ח׳ הואוכ׳ the law concerning the punishment of false witnesses is an anomaly, (for why must we trust the one set more than the other?) אין … חִידּוּשוֹ ואילך therefore you cannot go beyond what it says distinctly, i. e. previous evidences of refuted witnesses cannot be assailed. Pes.44b מבשר וחלב … דח׳ הוא you can draw no analogy from the law concerning the mixture of flesh and milk, for it is an anomaly; ומאי חידושו and wherein is it an anomaly? Y.Ter.VII, beg.44c לחִידּוּשוֹ יצא the law (Deut. 22:13 sq.) is specified for its anomalous nature; a. fr. -
5 חִידּוּש
חִידּוּש, חִדּ׳,m. (חָדַש) 1) renovation, the first stage of the crescent moon. Y.Ber.IX, 13d הרואה … בחִידּוּשָׁהּ he who sees the moon in her first stage. Y.Shek.I, 46a bot. שמרהו שיבוא בחִידּוּשוֹ observe it that it (the maturing of the crops) should coincide with the first part of the month of Nisan. R. Hash. 25a אין חִדּוּשָׁהּ של לבנהוכ׳ (Ms. M. חָדְשָׁהּ, v. חֹדֶש) the renovation of the moon takes no less than twenty nine days and a half 2) restoration. Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. ח׳ ביתוכ׳ the restoration of thy sanctuary. 3) novel interpretation, novel idea, additional legislation (novellae). Ḥag.3a א״א לבה״מ בלא ח׳ it is impossible for a college session to pass without a novel remark. Ib. מה ח׳ היהוכ׳ what was the news in college to-day?Cant. R. to IV, 16 ובואי דבר של ח׳ ‘and come (ib.) intimates a novel rule (adding thanks-offerings); Y.Meg.I, 72c top, a. e.Lev. R. s. 13, v. חָדָש; a. fr. 4) strange law, exception, unique law (which allows of no conclusion by analogy), anomaly. Snh.27a עד זומם ח׳ הואוכ׳ the law concerning the punishment of false witnesses is an anomaly, (for why must we trust the one set more than the other?) אין … חִידּוּשוֹ ואילך therefore you cannot go beyond what it says distinctly, i. e. previous evidences of refuted witnesses cannot be assailed. Pes.44b מבשר וחלב … דח׳ הוא you can draw no analogy from the law concerning the mixture of flesh and milk, for it is an anomaly; ומאי חידושו and wherein is it an anomaly? Y.Ter.VII, beg.44c לחִידּוּשוֹ יצא the law (Deut. 22:13 sq.) is specified for its anomalous nature; a. fr. -
6 חִדּ׳
חִידּוּש, חִדּ׳,m. (חָדַש) 1) renovation, the first stage of the crescent moon. Y.Ber.IX, 13d הרואה … בחִידּוּשָׁהּ he who sees the moon in her first stage. Y.Shek.I, 46a bot. שמרהו שיבוא בחִידּוּשוֹ observe it that it (the maturing of the crops) should coincide with the first part of the month of Nisan. R. Hash. 25a אין חִדּוּשָׁהּ של לבנהוכ׳ (Ms. M. חָדְשָׁהּ, v. חֹדֶש) the renovation of the moon takes no less than twenty nine days and a half 2) restoration. Y.Taan.II, 65c bot. ח׳ ביתוכ׳ the restoration of thy sanctuary. 3) novel interpretation, novel idea, additional legislation (novellae). Ḥag.3a א״א לבה״מ בלא ח׳ it is impossible for a college session to pass without a novel remark. Ib. מה ח׳ היהוכ׳ what was the news in college to-day?Cant. R. to IV, 16 ובואי דבר של ח׳ ‘and come (ib.) intimates a novel rule (adding thanks-offerings); Y.Meg.I, 72c top, a. e.Lev. R. s. 13, v. חָדָש; a. fr. 4) strange law, exception, unique law (which allows of no conclusion by analogy), anomaly. Snh.27a עד זומם ח׳ הואוכ׳ the law concerning the punishment of false witnesses is an anomaly, (for why must we trust the one set more than the other?) אין … חִידּוּשוֹ ואילך therefore you cannot go beyond what it says distinctly, i. e. previous evidences of refuted witnesses cannot be assailed. Pes.44b מבשר וחלב … דח׳ הוא you can draw no analogy from the law concerning the mixture of flesh and milk, for it is an anomaly; ומאי חידושו and wherein is it an anomaly? Y.Ter.VII, beg.44c לחִידּוּשוֹ יצא the law (Deut. 22:13 sq.) is specified for its anomalous nature; a. fr. -
7 גמר II
גְּמַרII ch. same; 1) to finish. Targ. Ps. 57:3 דְּיִגְמַר (ed. Lag. די גמר, corr. acc.); a. fr.Pes.55a גַּמְרִינָן we dare finish a work commenced. Ib. מִיגְמַר אין אתחולי לא to finish is permitted, but not to begin; a. fr. 2) to consume, destroy. Targ. Job 1:16. Ib. 22:20; a. fr. (also Pa.). 3) to end, cease. Targ. Ps. 12:2 גְּמִירוּ they are gone. Targ. Prov. 5:11. Ib. 22:8; a. e. 4) to conclude, derive. Ḥull.98b ולִיגְמַר מיניה now let one draw a conclusion from this (by analogy)! Ib. מחידוש לא גַבְרִינָן from an exception we draw no conclusions; a. fr. 5) to be perfect, ready to answer, to know well. Targ. Y. Deut. 6:7 ותִגְמְרִינוּןוכ׳, read ותַגְ׳, v. infra.Part. גָּמֵיר. Sabb.63a והוה גְמִירְנָאוכ׳ and I knew well the whole Talmud (v. Rabh. D. S. a. l.). Taan.7a bot. דגְמִירֵי who are learned; ib. b top טפי הוו ג׳ they would be more learned; a. fr.Whence: to learn by heart, esp. to learn traditional law (cmp. גְּרַס II). Targ. Job 22:22 (h. text קח, cmp. לֶקַח).Sabb. l. c. לִיגְמַר איניש והדר ליסבר one must first learn traditions, and then he may reason; Ab. Zar.19a, v. גְּרַס II.Ber43a וברכת … גַּמְרִינָן and we are not sufficiently familiar with the laws concerning grace at meals. Yoma 29a מִיגְמַר בעתיקאוכ׳ to remember well something old (to refresh the memory) is more difficult than to commit to memory a fresh thing. Sabb. l. c. למיגמר מיניה from whom to receive traditions. Sot.36b לא הוה קגמר he could not remember; a. fr.Sabb.96b גמרא גְמִירֵי לה they (the scholars) know it by tradition; ib. 97a הילכתא ג׳ לה.גְּמִירֵי they have a tradition, it is a well-known maxim. Snh.37b bot. Sot.34a. Gitt.47a; a. fr. Pa. גַּמֵּר to finish; to consume. Targ. Job 21:13 ed. (Ms. גַּמְרִין Part. Pe.). Ib. 13:28; a. fr. Af. אַגְמֵיר to teach verbally. Targ. Y. Deut. 6:7 (read:) ותַגְמְרִינוּן and thou shalt teach them (v. Ber.13b).Sot.36b אַגְמְרֵיה ולא גמר he taught him (the Hebrew language), but he (Pharaoh) could not remember it. Ḥull.45b אַגְמְרָךְ גמרא I will teach thee a tradition. B. Kam.17a לאַגְמוּרֵי as to teaching. Ber.13b, v. גְּרַס II. Ithpe. אִתְגְּמַר, אִגְּמַר to be finished; to be destroyed. Targ. Job 23:17. Targ. Ps. 109:23.Targ. Y. Num. 18:14 דמִגְּמַר (h. text חֵרֶם). Targ. Y. Ex. 22:19 יִתְגַּמְרוּן (h. text יָחֳרָם). -
8 גְּמַר
גְּמַרII ch. same; 1) to finish. Targ. Ps. 57:3 דְּיִגְמַר (ed. Lag. די גמר, corr. acc.); a. fr.Pes.55a גַּמְרִינָן we dare finish a work commenced. Ib. מִיגְמַר אין אתחולי לא to finish is permitted, but not to begin; a. fr. 2) to consume, destroy. Targ. Job 1:16. Ib. 22:20; a. fr. (also Pa.). 3) to end, cease. Targ. Ps. 12:2 גְּמִירוּ they are gone. Targ. Prov. 5:11. Ib. 22:8; a. e. 4) to conclude, derive. Ḥull.98b ולִיגְמַר מיניה now let one draw a conclusion from this (by analogy)! Ib. מחידוש לא גַבְרִינָן from an exception we draw no conclusions; a. fr. 5) to be perfect, ready to answer, to know well. Targ. Y. Deut. 6:7 ותִגְמְרִינוּןוכ׳, read ותַגְ׳, v. infra.Part. גָּמֵיר. Sabb.63a והוה גְמִירְנָאוכ׳ and I knew well the whole Talmud (v. Rabh. D. S. a. l.). Taan.7a bot. דגְמִירֵי who are learned; ib. b top טפי הוו ג׳ they would be more learned; a. fr.Whence: to learn by heart, esp. to learn traditional law (cmp. גְּרַס II). Targ. Job 22:22 (h. text קח, cmp. לֶקַח).Sabb. l. c. לִיגְמַר איניש והדר ליסבר one must first learn traditions, and then he may reason; Ab. Zar.19a, v. גְּרַס II.Ber43a וברכת … גַּמְרִינָן and we are not sufficiently familiar with the laws concerning grace at meals. Yoma 29a מִיגְמַר בעתיקאוכ׳ to remember well something old (to refresh the memory) is more difficult than to commit to memory a fresh thing. Sabb. l. c. למיגמר מיניה from whom to receive traditions. Sot.36b לא הוה קגמר he could not remember; a. fr.Sabb.96b גמרא גְמִירֵי לה they (the scholars) know it by tradition; ib. 97a הילכתא ג׳ לה.גְּמִירֵי they have a tradition, it is a well-known maxim. Snh.37b bot. Sot.34a. Gitt.47a; a. fr. Pa. גַּמֵּר to finish; to consume. Targ. Job 21:13 ed. (Ms. גַּמְרִין Part. Pe.). Ib. 13:28; a. fr. Af. אַגְמֵיר to teach verbally. Targ. Y. Deut. 6:7 (read:) ותַגְמְרִינוּן and thou shalt teach them (v. Ber.13b).Sot.36b אַגְמְרֵיה ולא גמר he taught him (the Hebrew language), but he (Pharaoh) could not remember it. Ḥull.45b אַגְמְרָךְ גמרא I will teach thee a tradition. B. Kam.17a לאַגְמוּרֵי as to teaching. Ber.13b, v. גְּרַס II. Ithpe. אִתְגְּמַר, אִגְּמַר to be finished; to be destroyed. Targ. Job 23:17. Targ. Ps. 109:23.Targ. Y. Num. 18:14 דמִגְּמַר (h. text חֵרֶם). Targ. Y. Ex. 22:19 יִתְגַּמְרוּן (h. text יָחֳרָם).
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ethics — /eth iks/, n.pl. 1. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a system of moral principles: the ethics of a culture. 2. the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture, etc.: medical ethics;… … Universalium
Reason — • Article discussing various definitions of the term Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Reason Reason † … Catholic encyclopedia
thought — thought1 /thawt/, n. 1. the product of mental activity; that which one thinks: a body of thought. 2. a single act or product of thinking; idea or notion: to collect one s thoughts. 3. the act or process of thinking; mental activity: Thought as… … Universalium
Tree model — Austro Asiatic Language Tree Maya Lan … Wikipedia
George Boole — Infobox Philosopher region = Western Philosophy era = 19th century philosophy color = #B0C4DE image caption = George Boole name = George Boole birth = November 2, 1815 (Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England) death = December 8, 1864 (aged 49)… … Wikipedia
Late medieval logic — Paul Vincent Spade I Medieval logic encompassed more than what we call logic today. It included semantics, philosophy of language, parts of physics, of philosophy of mind and of epistemology. Late medieval logic began around 1300 and lasted… … History of philosophy
